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The Computer Journal 1989 32(2):122-126; doi:10.1093/comjnl/32.2.122
© 1989 by British Computer Society
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Algebraic Identities for Program Calculation

R. S. Bird *

Programming Research Group, University of Oxford, 11 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3QD, UK ***

To calculate a program means to derive it from a suitable specification by a process of equational reasoning. We describe a number of basic algebraic identities that turn out to be extremely useful in this task. These identities express relationship between the higher-order functions commonly encountered in functional programming. The idea of program calculation is illustrated with two non-trivial examples.

Received November 1988.

* Programming Research Group, University of Oxford, 11 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QD


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